A novel variant of chickenpox, known as Clade 9, has been identified in India. The National Institute of Virology (NIV) has confirmed the presence of this Clade 9 variant of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults. This variant is typically more prevalent in countries like Germany, the UK, and the US. While India has previously known Clade 1 and Clade 5, this marks the first detection of Clade 9 in the country.
What is Clade 9?
Clade 9 represents a variant of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), responsible for causing chickenpox, a common childhood illness.
Common Strains of Varicella-Zoster in India
Varicella-zoster is the virus responsible for chickenpox in young individuals and shingles in adults. Until recently, Clade 1 and Clade 5 were the known variants causing infections in the Indian population. However, recent research has revealed the presence of Clade 9, previously dominant in Western countries, in the Indian subcontinent as well.
Symptoms of Clade 9
The symptoms of Clade 9 include a rash, fever, loss of appetite, headache, fatigue, and a general sense of ill health. Typically, the chickenpox rash emerges 2-3 weeks after exposure to the virus. Before the rash appears, patients may experience fever, body aches, and headaches. The rash itself starts as papules, progresses to fluid-filled blisters called vesicles, and eventually heals with the formation of scabs. The fever usually subsides 1-2 days after the rash appears. This entire process spans approximately 2 weeks, and individuals remain contagious to others from 2 days before the rash appears until scabs form.
Is Clade 9 More Severe Than Previous Variants?
At present, there is no discernible difference in the severity of infection between Clade 9 and previous variants.
Prevention Tips
Dr. Vineeta Taneja emphasizes that the most effective way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. Practicing good hygiene, including regular handwashing, can also reduce the risk of infection.
In many countries, such as the United States and several European nations, the Varicella vaccine is routinely administered to children as part of the immunization schedule. Ensuring that you and your children are up-to-date with vaccinations is crucial if the vaccine is available in your region.
Maintaining good hygiene, including frequent handwashing, is essential to minimize VZV transmission. Avoiding close contact with individuals who have chickenpox or shingles is also recommended.
Additional Prevention Tips:
- Isolation: If someone in your household has chickenpox, try to isolate them from others, especially those at higher risk of severe complications.
- Cover coughs and sneezes: Teach proper cough and sneeze etiquette to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets.
- Avoid sharing personal items: Refrain from sharing towels, clothing, and utensils with someone who has chickenpox.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A strong immune system can help prevent infections, so ensure a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
- Seek medical advice: If exposed to chickenpox or symptoms develop, consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
Treatment
Treatment of chickenpox is primarily symptomatic. Antiviral medications may be prescribed to reduce severity and duration, especially when started within 72 hours of rash onset. Pain management, calamine lotion, cool baths, rest, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, and topical antivirals are common treatment measures. Special considerations apply to pregnant women and high-risk individuals. Vaccination remains a crucial strategy for prevention, involving two doses taken four months apart.
Dr. Tushar Tayal advises, "Self-isolation is extremely important to prevent the spread of infection to unvaccinated populations and the elderly."
